Маншет Наука и Образование

Вышла в свет монография «Наноструктурирование поверхностей»

Азербайджанские ученые — ректор Национальной академии авиации, академик Национальной Академии наук Азербайджана Ариф Пашаев и заведующий кафедрой транспортной механики Национальной академии авиации, вице-президент Азербайджанской инженерной академии, доктор технических наук, профессор Ахад Джанахмедов подготовили и издали монографию «Наноструктурирование поверхностей». Книга состоит из 4 разделов в общем объеме 320 страниц. Научным редактором монографии является президент Международной инженерной академии, лауреат Государственных премий СССР и Российской Федерации, академик Борис Гусев.

Как сообщает АЗЕРТАДЖ, в книге изложены принципы наноструктурирования поверхностных слоев и нанесения покрытий. Приводятся некоторые примеры осуществления нанотехнологических подходов и показаны преимущества их использования на практике. Рассмотрены новые методы упрочнения материалов путем наноструктурирования их поверхностных слоев, нанесения наноструктурных покрытий, формирования на внутренних границах раздела субмикрокристаллической структуры.

Развиты подходы фрактального метода моделирования роста пленок на поверхности металлов, анализируется кинетика гофрирования и приводится численное моделирование роста пленок.

Книга предназначена для научно-технических специалистов в области механики и физики пластичности и прочности твердых тел, физического материаловедения, а также может быть полезна для преподавателей, аспирантов и студентов старших курсов высших учебных заведений.

www.rus.com.az

3 COMMENTS

  1. Masteron is an injectable steroid, and it’s the safer one
    to use for longer cycles. Regardless Of the same advantages of both steroids, most
    ladies will nonetheless need to choose Anavar as a result of it’s a somewhat less potent steroid than Winstrol in phrases of unwanted effects.
    Appropriate well being protocols should be followed after the cycle to assist liver,
    cardiovascular, and hormonal health. Nonetheless,
    there is not any want to have interaction in any post-cycle
    remedy like men do.
    Nonetheless, these antagonistic results are nearly certain when biking Anadrol or Dianabol, for
    instance. Women often start to see noticeable modifications inside
    the first couple of weeks, with optimum results appearing around the 4-6
    week mark. So, if liver enzymes do turn out to be elevated throughout a pills cycle, they’ll restore again to regular once a woman comes off
    Anavar, due to the organ’s self-healing properties. Anavar when used sensibly is not going to increase clitoral
    measurement, however, it could increase clitoral sensitivity.

    Thus, Anavar has the ATP advantages of extra powerful creatine, but without the bloating.
    The bloat as an alternative goes instantly inside the muscles, instead
    of spilling outside.
    It’s strongly really helpful that Anavar not be
    used for longer than eight weeks because of its potential to cause stress to the liver as an oral
    steroid. In all but essentially the most excessive circumstances, girls wanting to achieve maximum leanness will give
    consideration to getting to 10%-15% physique fat.

    But Anavar isn’t just great for fats loss for ladies, however much more so for sustainable and aesthetically pleasing lean positive aspects with no or minimal unwanted effects.
    Males on a chopping cycle with Anavar can expect a superb fat loss, and it is going
    to be fairly fast because Anavar is a quick-acting steroid
    that you’ll solely use for eight weeks max.
    As Quickly As once more, Anavar is taken into account relatively delicate on the liver in contrast with different oral steroids as it passes via
    the liver faster. Nonetheless, don’t low cost the risk – your
    response and sensitivity levels can vastly differ from the following person for some individuals.

    Others find that testosterone suppression is a lot greater than anticipated.
    Sudden water retention is another occasional unfavorable remark customers make about Anavar – however these persons are nearly certainly victims of purchasing counterfeit
    Anavar. Nevertheless, at high doses, Anavar still poses
    a danger for ladies, however at low doses, females are identified to
    use this steroid with minimal or even no unwanted effects in any respect.

    Due to the potential negative affect Oxandrolone can have on ldl
    cholesterol you ought to not supplement with this steroid when you suffer from
    any ldl cholesterol issues. If you are healthy sufficient for use, sustaining a wholesome life-style will be imperative.
    This should include a cholesterol pleasant food regimen rich in omega fatty acids, as nicely
    as plenty of cardiovascular exercise. All who supplement with Anavar are
    inspired to restrict saturated fats and easy sugars,
    think about a cholesterol antioxidant supplement and to maintain a close eye
    on their ranges. The outcomes of the drugs will be enhanced
    when combined with a healthy diet. Anavar can be considered the most effective
    oral steroid for both high-quality muscle positive aspects AND
    muscle retention whereas dieting. Many guys attain straight for Dbol as a
    outcome of it’s cheap and shortly delivers vital features.

    Yes, Anavar is amongst the few steroids appropriate for women as
    a outcome of its low androgenic nature. Nonetheless, doses should stay low
    (5–10mg per day) to avoid masculinising effects similar to
    deepening of the voice or facial hair progress.

    Hi, I’m Dave Moffat the founder and Chief Editor of steroidsourcetalk.com and certified
    International Private Coach and Licensed Nutritionist.
    They are known for their balanced risk-benefit profiles, making them
    a number of the finest steroid with least unwanted effects.
    Anavar (Oxandrolone) is usually a useful device in your bodybuilding journey, offering
    distinctive benefits that may improve your efficiency and physique.
    By understanding the pricing, dosage suggestions,
    and potential side effects, you also can make knowledgeable choices when incorporating this steroid into your
    regimen. When it comes to utilizing Anavar in bodybuilding, understanding the appropriate
    dosage is crucial for achieving desired results while minimizing potential side effects.
    This desk presents dosage recommendations for Oxandrolone starting from beginners to intermediate and superior users.

    By following these guidelines and consulting with a healthcare professional, you might make
    knowledgeable choices about your steroid dosage.
    PCT will range based on if different medicine are stacked with Anavar, but some post-cycle compounds used after oxandrolone embrace
    Clomid, HCGenerate and Nolvadex. Please evaluation threads for Anavar-only PCT and for
    Anavar stacked with other medicine. Another level about Anavar side effects is that
    this drug doesn’t aromatize (convert to estrogen),
    which means male users keep away from estrogen-related side effects like gynecomastia and water retention. The lack
    of water retention results in muscle gains made on oxandrolone being «clean and dry,» as described by
    bodybuilders. Nonetheless, this is an anabolic steroid and it
    might possibly have notable side effects, together with the next.
    However, it should be talked about that oxandrolone is taken into account a poor «bulking» steroid among
    male bodybuilders. But however, it’s an excellent drug for girls who want to
    add lean muscle mass.
    On a correct food regimen, ladies can anticipate to lose 5-10lbs of fat on an Anavar
    cycle unless they’re lean. Most male competitors could have between 3% and 5% physique
    fats during competitions. Remember that these are probably the most excessive users, and they are likely to use other compounds alongside or instead
    of Anavar. This steroid causes a rise in pink blood cell production, which
    will get extra oxygen to the muscular tissues. There’s rather more to know in regards to the side effects of Anavar and all anabolic steroids,
    so go to my primary unwanted effects information right here.

    Thus, females can take benefit of a simultaneous muscle-building and fat-burning impact.
    We have had sufferers who took steroids and did not prepare, and so
    they constructed muscle and burned fats despite being sedentary.
    Nonetheless, their results are notably much less in comparison with customers who mix steroids with weightlifting.
    Trenbolone has a stimulating impact on the central
    nervous system, triggering thermogenesis and aiding fats burning.

    It is C-17 alpha alkylated so as to allow for oral administration, and a substitution of its second carbon atom with an oxygen atom, granting it stronger anabolic capabilities.
    In comparison with Testosterone, studies have demonstrated Anavar to have a minimum of 3 occasions and a
    most of 6 instances the strength of Testosterone[2].
    Though women have a fraction of testosterone compared to men, it remains an important hormone of
    their physique chemistry.
    Dianabol has a very negative impact on ldl cholesterol, doubtlessly causing
    atherosclerosis. The primary causes of Dianabol’s cardiotoxicity are water retention and the stimulation of
    the hepatic lipase enzyme in the liver. Bodybuilders use bulking cycles to achieve important increases in muscle
    hypertrophy.

    References:

    side effects of Anabolic steroid use (sb.mangird.com)

  2. As a matter of reality, Anavar is commonly considered a light steroid as compared to other anabolic steroids corresponding to Dianabol, Deca Durabolin and even Trenbolone.
    One factor that most people are not conscious of is Anavar’s
    astonishing ability to stimulate creatine phosphate synthesis within the muscle cell.
    When this happens your physique starts cranking out
    tons of ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) the precise chemical
    you need for muscular vitality and ATP is vital!
    Both experimental and anecdotal evidence supports 4-Androstenolone’s capacity to boost testosterone ranges and enhance efficiency.
    Anavar® also incorporates 1-Androstenolone that has a unique structure which makes it favorable to many
    individuals who wish to stability their hormones. This steroid hormone has a double bond at the 1st
    molecule, which many believe make it more resistant to metabolic clearing.
    This 1-ene construction additionally helps resist conversion to many hormones that are not thought
    of optimal for men like estrogen and dihydrotestosterone metabolites.

    Thus with 1-Andro you get a prohormone that will improve your androgen to estrogen ratio, without
    including in additional metabolites that you may
    not want in your system. This prohormone is great for
    including in a dry prohormone to a cycle or used
    alone to offset the environmental estrogens in your food regimen. Lastly, Anavar®
    makes use of Epiandrosterone, which is an endogenous steroid hormone found in Anavar® with an androgenic exercise.

    If you happen to be an Olympic athlete, then you’re most certainly going to fail the drug take a look at.
    Anavar falls on the record of banned substances by the IOC, WADA, USADA and many different sports activities bodies,
    together with MMA. Nevertheless, things seem a bit different
    when it comes to bodybuilders. This is because most of
    them buy it from underground labs and thus, the cost is
    more probably to be much lesser.
    Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP provides your muscles
    with the vitality it must contract. To be sincere, the only way you can make sure that
    you usually are not susceptible to any side
    effects from utilizing Anavar is to avoid the steroid.

    A responsible dose of the steroid can be in the range of eighty – one hundred mg
    every day for bulking. Proper after its market launch,
    it turned some of the sought-after steroids around.

    Created by Sear Laboratories, it promises to provide exceptional
    results in the gym. †Furthermore, it’s important to notice that the Meals and Drug Administration has not verified the efficacy or safety
    claims made about this product.
    It just isn’t legal to make use of Anavar throughout professional sports activities as a end result of its
    ability to enhance efficiency. The primary purpose behind
    that is that exogenous testosterone is going to increase the
    chances of virilization manifold. Skilled feminine bodybuilders do use these steroids together however they
    also experience masculinization even at reasonable doses.
    One of the most important options of this steroid is that it helps
    burn each subcutaneous and visceral fats. This is not
    like a lot of the different anabolic steroids that have the propensity of
    decreasing subcutaneous fat however improve visceral
    fats.
    Make positive you take the time to determine which kind of anabolic steroid you’re taking
    so as to correctly plan your PCT. Anavar is a milder drug than other anabolic steroids, so it might be easier to handle with
    no PCT plan. Nevertheless, since it can nonetheless cause unfavorable
    side effects if not taken correctly, all the time
    consult with knowledgeable before beginning any new anabolic steroid cycle.
    When contemplating buying Anavar, it is important to focus on the legal and well being dangers involved.
    This well-liked steroid, identified for its capability
    to assist individuals gain muscle mass and lose fat, is subject to specific
    regulations because of the potential for abuse
    and unfavorable side effects. In conclusion, Anavar
    can be a valuable tool for bodybuilders and athletes when used appropriately and along
    side proper food regimen and train.
    This leaves an abundance of L-arginine uncompromised
    within the muscle pool to create a wealth of NO,
    resulting in maximum muscular vasodilation. By increasing ATP levels, Anvarol helps provide the muscular tissues with enough power to extend and intensify exercises, thereby increasing endurance and
    power. Women are notably sensitive to those effects, which
    could lead to discomfort and potential scarring.
    In some cases, virilization can be irreversible even after the individual stops taking
    steroids. As a outcome, many female athletes select to keep away from Anavar altogether to attenuate their
    danger of growing undesirable masculine traits.
    Excessive blood pressure is one of the most typical medical circumstances on the earth, and it could possibly lead to varied severe well being problems.

    Beneath are some really helpful supplements to
    stack with Anavar for complete muscle-building and performance-enhancing effects.
    The side effects of Anavar are much like those of
    other anabolic steroids, including excessive ldl cholesterol,
    water retention, elevated levels of calcium,
    zits and oily skin. Irritability and other temper changes also can occur when taking Anavar, and will
    proceed after stopping the use of the steroid as properly.

    Nevertheless, anvarol accommodates a fraction of this, with a
    child dose of 75mg per pill. Even should you took the whole bottle of anvarol you’d just
    get sufficient to stimulate this very modest enhance in protein synthesis.
    Will whey protein pace up recovery and increase protein synthesis?
    Nonetheless, this is similar story as soy protein, as the quantity of whey in anvarol is tiny (0.forty five grams
    per day). Some research reveals it to be more effective for stimulating protein synthesis than whey or
    casein (if you devour it with dairy) – (1).
    There’s also proof to suggest soy protein has a positive impact on weight reduction (2).

    IGF-1 is a robust anabolic hormone that promotes muscle
    protein synthesis and nitrogen retention. The more nitrogen your body
    shops, the extra lean muscle mass you’ll have after a exercise.
    This means you’ll be capable of work out more durable at the health club, leading to elevated muscle
    growth and IGF-1 production. Anavar, also called Oxandrolone, is thought for
    its capability to ship notable leads to a matter of weeks, particularly when it comes to
    lean muscle mass and power positive aspects. When looking at before and after footage, one can observe important
    fats loss, significantly in the midsection, as properly as a rise in body weight because of lean muscle
    positive aspects (source).
    Some frequent unwanted effects of Anavar include vomiting, headache,
    nausea, and a lowered appetite. In some instances, people can even expertise modifications
    of their temper, hair loss, and an increase in pimples.
    Some people use it to increase muscle mass or after
    they’ve used corticosteroids for a long time.

    References:

    anabolic steroids are Which Of the following

  3. By rising the speed at which your physique repairs muscle tissue,
    Anavar can help you to achieve energy faster and prepare more effectively.
    Anavar is a drug that has been shown to assist enhance pressure manufacturing
    and energy in females. This is as a outcome of of the reality that Anavar interacts with androgen receptors, which
    are answerable for muscle progress.
    High doses of Anavar could cause some flushing to the face or body, inflicting users’ skin to seem red.

    This is a sign of elevated physique temperature and probably increased blood pressure.
    People with present high blood pressure or these genetically prone to heart illness shouldn’t take Anavar or other steroids due to unfavorable redistribution of levels of cholesterol.

    Anavar’s capacity to increase power is mainly as a outcome
    of it being exogenous testosterone. Nonetheless, we find it additionally has a dramatic effect on adenosine triphosphate production and creatine content contained in the muscle cell.
    Higher levels of ATP are helpful for people wanting enhanced energy when bulking.
    It is also advantageous for users who’re slicing and
    vulnerable to losing strength because of extended restriction of calories.

    When it comes to noticeable fats loss, the tempo of your results
    will significantly depend upon how exhausting and sometimes you’re
    understanding and your food plan. Thanks to Clenbuterol’s availability in high-quality pure pharmaceutical-grade manufacturing,
    few folks would want to seek for this drug from underground labs.
    Just how long it’s considered safe to use Clen is all the time up for debate.
    There’s no safe time to use Clenbuterol for efficiency and
    fats loss as a outcome of there’ll at all times be risks at any dose and time.
    The most Clenbuterol dosage for females will hardly ever exceed 100mcg every day.

    As already discussed, the dosage is a significant
    determinant of the results. A higher dose can result in dramatic transformations, while decrease doses
    can deliver delicate but important changes. The perfect
    dosage plan tailor-made to an individual’s
    unique requirements and targets. A well-structured Oxandrolone dosage technique ensures that health and safety remain paramount whereas striving for impressive bodily gains.

    PCT may be commonplace Clomid for 20 days – first 10 days
    at 100mg every day, beginning two weeks from the tip of the cycle.
    The other important factor when dosing Anavar is whether you’re stacking it
    with other AAS at performance doses and just how sturdy of a
    task you want Anavar to play in the cycle. Most males won’t use Anavar
    as a sole compound due to its weaker results,
    however it’s widespread for women to run Anavar-only cycles.
    I have personally used Anvarol for a couple of months at
    a time and it does help improve vitality and eliminate
    body fats. Anvarol delivers what it promises which
    is probably why it is so in style.
    You can stack Anvarol with other CrazyBulk supplements for even better results.
    Your diet issues in relation to finding the proper Anavar dosage for you.

    For occasion, in case you are a beginner and you weigh 200 lbs, we advocate beginning with 40mg of Anavar per day.

    Strength features achieved ought to have enabled
    a step-up in exercise depth, resulting in a more ripped and chiseled look.

    The outcomes for women are considerably parallel, albeit generally displaying even enhanced results.
    They will doubtless see extra visible leanness, muscle definition,
    energy increments, and a significant drop in physique fats.

    As previously talked about, Anavar is an expensive steroid due to BTG monopolizing the market and driving the value
    up, costing sufferers $3.75–$30 per day, relying on the dose required.
    Bodybuilders commonly purchase testing kits, enabling them to
    ascertain if their Anavar product is genuine. Anavar is superior, but expensive, since you need to take a lot for outcomes.

    When it comes to the utilization of Oxandrolone, commonly often known as Anavar, understanding the suitable dosage is essential, and it
    might possibly differ primarily based on gender.
    Both men and women search the benefits of Anavar for enhancing their physique and performance, but
    the dosage necessities can differ considerably.
    In the table below, we current a comparability of beneficial Anavar dosages
    for men and women. The unwanted facet effects of Anavar for
    women include potential masculinization, corresponding to deepening of the voice and increased physique hair.
    For ladies who desire a safer alternative, Anvarol is on the market and has been proven to offer the same benefits as those
    acclaimed by Anavar, minus the dangers.
    At the one-month mark, users can count on even greater transformations in their physique.
    Whereas specific outcomes could differ, most people report noticeable enhancements in energy
    and muscle definition. It is vital to stick to beneficial cycle lengths and dosages, as excessive use can result in antagonistic side
    effects.
    Not many women will find themselves wanting to make use of more than 10mg every day of Anavar, as the results at
    this dosage will nonetheless be impressive. For these eager to go additional, and when you’re comfortable at 10mg a
    day and seeing no opposed effects, the dosage can be increased to 15mg.

    Females can think about beginning at an very low dose of 2.5mg of Anavar everyday for those merely
    beginning their most first cycle and who need to take essentially the most protected technique.
    Most ladies, regardless their particular goals or function in utilizing Anavar, can comfortably begin at 5mg and even 10mg per day and have confidence that the chance of unwanted
    effects is low. Recent out of the field new Oxandrolone clients can undoubtedly start the cycle in any case dose to measure response,
    then increment it by 5mg in the course of the cycle.
    Anavar will work on your endurance, power, and stamina, which you’ll monitor down most clear whereas you’re coaching.

    Most of those will only be of concern if you’re using doses which are too excessive or using the drug for
    longer than really helpful durations. Anavar can contribute somewhat to some lean positive
    aspects, but for male customers, it’s most unlikely to
    be a cause for utilizing this steroid. As A Substitute, the anabolic properties of
    Anavar are most dear for males in relation to MAINTAINING muscle when shedding
    fats. There aren’t many steroids that females can use without experiencing
    extreme side effects that mostly contain the development of varied
    masculine physical traits. This results from offering the physique
    with significantly greater quantities of male androgen hormones like testosterone and
    DHT than would otherwise be produced. Females can acquire energy
    and lean features at low doses, and stacking Anavar
    with another kind of compound referred to as Ostarine
    (a SARM) can result in outstanding results with minimal unwanted
    effects. It is, nonetheless, useful as a reasonable lean mass gainer
    for males and effective for ladies when stacked with Primobolan or Winstrol.

    References:

    jay Cutler steroids cycle

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