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Через миллиард лет в атмосфере нашей планеты может почти не остаться кислорода

Моделирование климата Земли показывает, что более чем через миллиард лет количество кислорода в атмосфере нашей планеты уменьшится почти в 100 раз. В таких условиях смогут жить только примитивные бактерии, которые доминировали на Земле в архее, то есть от 4 до 2,5 млрд лет назад. Результаты моделирования опубликовал научный журнал Nature Geoscience, передает ТАСС.

Сейчас атмосфера Земли примерно на 78 процентов состоит из азота, на 21 процент – из кислорода, около 1 процента занимает аргон и 0,04 процента – углекислый газ. Однако так было не всегда: изначально ее основу, по предположениям ученых, составляли углекислый газ, сероводород, метан и аммиак, кислорода же там было совсем немного. В этих условиях на нашей планете могли существовать только примитивные анаэробные бактерии – то есть те, которым для жизни не нужен кислород.

Все изменилось примерно 2–2,45 млрд назад. Тогда благодаря океаническим организмам в атмосферу стало попадать все больше кислорода. Этот газ был побочным продуктом фотосинтеза – процесса, в ходе которого из воды и углекислого газа живые существа получают необходимые для жизни углеводы.

В результате кислорода в атмосфере становилось все больше, из-за чего анаэробные бактерии стали массово вымирать. Это событие стало известно как кислородная катастрофа (в иностранной литературе его называют также Великим кислородным событием, Кислородной революцией и даже Кислородным холокостом). Именно благодаря этому событию на планете расцвела многоклеточная жизнь.

Однако прогнозы ученых показывают, что это не будет продолжаться вечно. Климатическая модель, которую создали Кадзуми Озаки из Университета Тохо и Крис Рейнхард из Технологического университета Джорджии, показывает, что чуть более чем через миллиард лет количество кислорода в атмосфере Земли снизится примерно до 1 процента от нынешнего.

Дело в том, что к тому моменту Солнце станет горячее, и будет выделять гораздо больше энергии, чем сейчас. Его лучи будут разрушать молекулы углекислого газа в атмосфере. В определенный момент – примерно 1,08 ± 0,14 млрд лет – его станет настолько мало, что его перестанет хватать для поддержки фотосинтеза на должном уровне.

В результате растения – главные источники кислорода на Земле – постепенно вымрут, в атмосфере станет примерно в 10 тыс. раз больше метана, а кислорода – в миллионы раз меньше. Озоновый слой, который состоит из молекул кислорода, тоже вскоре исчезнет. Из-за этого Земля будет практически беззащитна перед ультрафиолетовым излучением Солнца, и постепенно большая часть живых существ вымрет сперва на суше, а потом и в океане.

В результате из живых существ на Земле могут остаться только анаэробные бактерии, и жизнь на нашей планете откатится к тем же условиям, что и более 2,5 млрд лет назад.

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1 COMMENTS

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